Higher Mathematics in Cooking!

Cooking is an international phenomenon. Not only do the flavours and ingredients change, the multitude of ways we can cook changes, too. All of this leads to greater enjoyment of cooking as well as eating.

But cooking also has its exasperating side. Measurement!

Do we measure in pounds or kilos? Cups or millilitres? Ounces or grams? Converting to double a recipe is hard enough, but converting to different measurement standards can be time-consuming and frustrating.

How many times have we wished we knew what the exact substitute for an ingredient was? Have you ever found yourself without self-rising flour, but knew you had plenty of regular flour and baking powder, but what was the amount of each you needed to use? Frustrating, eh?

This brief chapter will hopefully help all of us easily convert measurements and use substitutions for many of the recipes we cook. Hopefully, that will make cooking an even more “soulful” outlet!

these conversion charts will help you make

DISHES LIKE THESE

Dry or Wet Measure

CupsFluid OuncesMillilitres
18237
3/46178
2/35158
1/24118
1/3380
1/4260
1/8130
1/160.515
1 Pint16500
1 Quart321 L
1/2 Gal642 L

Dry Measurements

OuncesGrams
0.0351
128
1 lb454
2.2 lbs1 kg

Weight and Measures

1 pinchless than 1/8 tsp (dry)
1 dash2 drops1/4 tsp (liquid)
1 tbsp3 tsp1/2 oz (liquid or dry)
4 tbsp1 cup
5 1/3 tbsp1/3 cup
16 tbsp1 cup1/2 lb (8oz)
8 quarts1 peck (dry)
4 pecks1 bushel (dry)

Approximate Equivalents

Original measureEquivalent  
1 stick of butter8 tbsp4 oz1/2 cup
1 cup all-purpose pre-sifted flour5 oz
1 cup stoneground yellow cornmeal4.5 oz
1 cup granulated sugar8 oz
1 cup brown sugar6 oz
1 cup confectioners' icing/icing sugar4.5 oz
1 large egg2 oz1/4 cup4 tbsp
1 egg yolk1 tbsp + 1 tsp

Substitutions

OriginalSubstitute
1 cup self-rising flour1 cup all-purpose flour + 1 tsp. baking powder
1 cup cake flour1 cup all-purpose flour + 2 tbsp. corn starch
1 cup buttermilk1 cup milk + 1 tbsp. vinegar OR 1 tbsp. lemon juice
1 cup heavy cream3/4 cup milk + 1/4 cup. Butter
1 cup sour cream1 cup Greek yoghurt + 1 tsp. baking soda
1 cup oil1 cup applesauce
1 cup butter1 cup shortening or 1 cup apple sauce
1 egg1/2 a large banana
1 tbsp. vanilla1 tsp. maple syrup or 1-1/2 tsp. honey
1 cup honey1 cup maple syrup or 1/2 cup water + 1-1/2 cup sugar
1 cup brown sugar1 cup sugar + 2 tbs. molasses OR 1 cup sugar + 1 tbsp. maple syrup
1 tsp. cream of tartar2 tsp. lemon juice OR 2 tsp. vinegar
1 tsp. baking soda4 tsp. baking powder
1 tsp. baking powder¼ tsp. baking soda + 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar
1 cup bread crumbs1 cup rolled oats OR 1 cup crushed corn flakes OR 1 cup crushed cracker

Temperature Conversions

FahrenheitCelsius
10037.7
15065.5
20596.1 (water simmers)
212100 (water boils)
300148.8
325162.8
350177 (baking)
375190.5
400204.4 (hot oven)
425218.3
450323 (very hot oven)
475246.1
500250 (broiling)

Conversion Factors

Ounces to gramsMultiply ounces by 28.3
Grams to ouncesMultiply grams by 0.0353
Pounds to gramsMultiply pounds by 453.59
Pounds to kilogramsMultiply pounds by 0.45
Ounces to millilitersMultiply ounces by 30
Cups to litersMultiply cups by 0.24
Fahrenheit to CelsiusSubtract 32 from Fahrenheit temperature, then multiply by 5 and divide by 9
Celsius to FahrenheitMultiply Celsius by 9, divide by 5, then add 32
Inches to centimetresMultiply inches by 2.54
Centimetres to inchesMultiply centimetres by .39